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The module on Operations Research introduces students to mathematical models and techniques used to derive values of variables for a complex organizational system that optimizes the performance of that system. More specifically, it creates the students’ awareness of linear linear programming, transportation and assignment, network, and queuing models. The applications include industrial processes, management systems, road and transport networks, and telecommunication systems. The course content is based on real-world examples and cases to encourage students to develop their attitude and ability to discover and innovate.

By the end of the module, students should be able to:

Anatomy andphysiology of the eye will be covered so that the students can relate structure and function of the human eye

This module aims to equip students with knowledge and skills on basic principles governing transmission of light and its interraction with optical media. Students will also be introduces to common ophthalmic equipment and instruments such as slit lamp, lensometer and tonometers.

This course will cover concepts related to the epidemiology of blindness and Visual Impairment both locally and globally. 

This module shall equip you with an understanding of refractive errors how you will assess and screen for low vision. You will also study about the rehabilitation of the blind, provision of care to people with a low vision problem, and how to correct t refractive error problems using corrective lenses.

Dear Students, 

You are welcome to this new module, and wish you all the best!!

Community ophthalmology is the Module which is taught in University of Rwanda-College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ophthalmology department.

This module has 20 credits, and it is the among large in our department.

It has a big part of theory but and also the practical part.

Here down is the course guideline for this module:

This module is an introduction to the basic concepts and techniques of tooth removal as well as minor oral surgical procedures. Detailed patient history taking and how to conduct physical examination are taught. 

Importance will be given to the pre-surgical patient evaluation, Post operative complications and their managements, pain control, understanding and Radiographic interpretation.

This module deals with general Organic  chemistry. It treats general molecular and structural formulas,  and developed planes, systematic nomenclature, physical properties, chemical reactions and methods of preparation of alkanes and cycloalkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic compounds, halogenated organic compounds, organometallic compounds, alcohols, phenols and ethers, the aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivates, nitrogenous organic compounds.

When computer security problem occurs in an organization, it affects the operationalization of that organization. It is critical for the affected organization to have a fast and effective means of responding. The speed with which the organization can recognize an incident or attack and then successfully analyze it and respond will dramatically limit the damage done and lower the cost of recovery.  This ability to respond quickly and effectively to a computer security threat is a critical element in providing a secure computing environment for the operationalization of any organization.

In this course, you will learn different techniques on how to provide a secure computing environment for the operationalization of any organization. As today, data is the most active thing in organizations and the circular Internet, so in order to secure the organization data, different layers of security should be put in place at any given organization, these layers are;

Physical security, Personal security, Operations security, Communications security, Network security, Information security. All these aspects and others will be discussed in this module.

This module will equip you with knowledge and skills of lower limb prosthetics.

It provides knowledge and skills on assessment of amputees, prescription and manufacturing processes of Knee disarticulation prosthesis & Hip disarticulation prosthesis

This module is designed to equip you with the basic principles of mathematics used in the manufacture of orthopedic appliances, the basic concepts of mechanics in relation to biomechanics and workshop practice, and to help them understand the basic concepts of orthotic biomechanics and examine in details of pathological human locomotion.

Course summary: Medical Sciences I

This module is aiming at enabling the learner to know pathological conditions related to physical rehabilitation in general and prosthetic and orthotic (P&O) field specifically in order to use the acquired knowledge to assess the patient/client, plan the treatment and implement (produce an appropriate Prosthetic & orthotic device or any other assistive technology within the scope of practice.  

It requires General Anatomy and Physiology as prerequisite module. It has got two parts which are:

• Pathology 1
• Clinical Sciences

Module structure and details:

I. Pathology 1

Pathology is defined as abnormal physiology and anatomy.  as the student has already covered the GAP module this course will introduce him/her to abnormal physical conditions that affects different systems in the human body.  In this part students will learn the description of different pathological conditions frequently dealt with mainly in physical rehabilitation and more specifically in P&O field: their ethiology onset, diagnosis and treatment process, prognosis and prophylactic measures. Among the main conditions student is supposed to know there is:

 A. Pathological Conditions related to Lower Limb

• Inflammatory diseases
• Infectious diseases
• Degenerative diseases
• Post-traumatic conditions
• Neoplastic conditions
• Metabolic disorders
• Congenital deformities
• Aseptic bone necrosis
• Neurological conditions
• Circulatory disorders

B. Special Pathology of Lower Limbs

• Diseases of the pelvis and hip
• Diseases of the knee
• Diseases of the foot
• Deformities of the lower limbs
• Review of selected pathologies of the lower limb

C. Amputations of Upper and Lower Limbs

• Techniques of amputation
• Levels of amputation and quality of the stump
• Healing of the stump and its postoperative management for prosthetic fitting

Learning objectives:

Knowledge:

At the end of this unit, the learner will be able to:

• Describe the incidence, causes, pathology of specific diseases related to Prosthetics and Orthotics.
• Describe specific diseases and pathological conditions related to Prosthetics and Orthotics.
•  Establish/pose the diagnosis of various pathological conditions and disabilities.

Competencies and Skills

At the end of this module the learner will be able to:

Assess and prescribe an appropriate device for a specific pathological condition within the interdisciplinary team (IDT) approach.

Attitude

Appreciate and value the acquired knowledge and skills about pathological conditions in the management of orthotic & prosthetic cases.

II. Clinical Sciences

After the student has got the basic knowledge of Anatomy and Physiology as well as the Pathology 1, now on this basis he should able to differentiate between the abnormal and normal physiology and anatomy. This part will enable the learner to understand the importance of assessing, prescribing and following-up the patient in the professional daily practice.

These are the main topics that will be covered:

• Subjective assessment
• objective assessment
• ROM
• MMT
• Sensation test
• Special tests in Prosthetics and orthotics

• Prescription procedures and treatment plan
• Gait training and analysis
• Follow up procedures
• Professional ethics (Reminder)

Learning objectives

Knowledge 

At the end of this unit, the learner will be able to:

• Describe different steps of examination for each procedure done on lower limb, upper limb and spine.
• Describe the ethical conduct to be applied at each step of the procedure.
• Describe the prescription procedures and follow up for specific conditions
• Describe gait deviations and the remedy for the optimization of the normal gait

Competencies and Skills

At the end of this unit, the learner will be able to:

• Show ethical and professional conduct to the patients.
• Perform different examination procedures of the clinical assessment.
• Show the ability to prescribe specific orthopedic devices for different conditions
• Analyse and train the patient gait 
• Plan follow-up procedures for patients

Attitude

At the end of this unit, the learner will be able to:

Appreciate the importance of examination, ethical conduct in assessing, prescribing and follow-up of a patient.

Teaching and learning strategies

• Interactive lecture
• Tutorials 
• Group discussions
• Demonstrations
• Practicals

Assessment methods

This course is considered as a blended theory and practical module. The assessment will follow the UR academic rules and regulations policies. It is stated that in such kind of course the theory part is allocated 50% and the practical part is weighing also 50%. The passing mark of is 60%. As two part of this module are taught by two different lecturers and are separate each one is given mark weight following the number of credit are allocated to it. Therefore, Pathology 1 which has got 4 credits will weigh 40% and Clinical Sciences 60% of the total marks.

Two types of assessment will be used:

1. Informal to assess individual learning process

• Study skills assessment Individual and group assignments/presentations

2. Formal to assess the overall module through tests and examinations (MCQs, Essays, Orals) 

• Continuous assessment tests (Assignments, tests,) = 50 %
• End of module assessment (Exam) = 50 % 

This module will equip you with knowledge and skills of lower limb orthotics.

It provides knowledge and skills on assessment of patient with neuromuscular & musculoskeletal conditions, prescription and manufacturing processes of Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses & Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis.

    Brief Description:

This module introduces you to the process of manufacturing the Knee Disarticulation (KDP) and Hip Disarticulation (HDP) prostheses where you will get to know the patient assessment procedures, prescription, casting, rectification, fabrication process, and problem-solving of different socket designs

ORGANIZATION OF THE MODULE

1. Module code: ORT2155
2. Mode title: PROSTHETIC SCIENCE II
3. Year: 2                                   Semester: 1
4. Credits: 20
5. First year presentation: 2014/2015     Administering School:  School of Health Sciences – SHS
6. Pre-requisite or requisite modules: Prosthetic science 1
7. Allocation of Study and teaching hours

1. MODULE TITLE:  PROSTHETIC SCIENCE II

1. UNIT TITLE: TRANS-FEMORAL PROSTHESES