This module aims at enhancing the knowledge and skills of animal physiology. It covers the structure of key organs of animals as well as their mode of functioning. It specifically emphasizes on the physiology of major groups of invertebrates and chordates including human being.
The module provides a comprehensive structure, function, and application of genetic material at the molecular level. It begins with the nucleotide composition, phosphodiester bonds, and the double-helix model, before exploring how genetic information flows through the Central Dogma via DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and translation. The module further examines mechanisms regulating gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, as well as different forms of genetic variation and mutation. In addition, it introduces key molecular techniques such as Polymerase Chain Reaction, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, and recombinant DNA technology, and highlights their applications in fields like forensics, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics, while addressing important issues in biosafety and bioethics.
Animal systematics provides solid foundations in what types of animal groups and how they differ from one another. It builds on biological knowledge and skills to identify and classify animals into taxonomic groups through a series of field and laboratory investigations. Moreover, this module focuses on wildlife conservation perspectives and strategies of learning and teaching aquatic and terrestrial fauna found in Rwanda and in the region.