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    General introduction

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    Dear Participants,

    You are most welcome to the module of Introduction to the Medical Parasitology and Helminthology.

    The Module Aim

    Is to acquaint the participants with the knowledge of medically important parasites and their associated vectors that cause and/or facilitate diseases to human beings with an ultimate aim to engage in effective prevention and control measures to ensure/guarantee safety/comfort and well being of patients and the entire community by extension.

    The Module Learning Outcomes

    By the end of this module, the participants will be able to:

    1. Understand the biology of the medically important parasites, particularly helminths, and their vectors and their interactions with the humans;
    2. Classify the medically important parasite, particularly helminths, and their vectors;
    3. Identify the significant clinical and epidemiological consequences caused by the parasites, particularly helminths, and their vectors;
    4. Demonstrate practical skills for diagnosis and other pertinent concepts of medically important parasites, particularly the helminths;  
    5. Illustrate the effective prevention and control measures against the medically important parasites, particularly helminths, and their vectors.

    Facilitators:

    KAYIRANGA Pascal, +250788570896, p.kayiranga@ur.ac.rw 

    Happy Jean Bosco Asifiwe, +250787727545, j.b.asifiwe@ur.ac.rw

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    UNIT 1: General Medical Parasitology Description

    Introduction 

    The unit defines parasites and medical parasitology and its principal concepts. Then explains parasites adaptations in order to interact with the host with the undesirable consequences. Classifies, characterizes and locate  the medically important parasites in the world of micro organisms. It also covers routine diagnostic techniques used in the peripheral medical parasitology laboratory.

    Image: A Microscope and its Optical System, an Important Tool in Medical Parasitology Laboratory 

    Learning Outcomes 

    1. Define a parasite and medical parasitology and the principal concepts;
    2. Explain adaptations and interactions between the parasites and the hosts and the resultant consequences;
    3. Classify the parasites according to their characteristics;
    4. Illustrate routine diagnostic techniques in the medical parasitology unit.
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    UNIT 2: Intestinal Helminths

    Introduction

    1.Intestinal parasites and particularly the helminths are those parasites whose adults live in the lumen of duodenum, jejunum, small intestines, large intestines, rectum and caecum. 
    2.This excludes those parasites whose other stages, not adult, like ova, larvae etc can be found in the intestines.
    3.Do not include those parasites, be it when their adults are known to live in the veins of the intestines and in other close organs of the intestines like liver, bile duct.
    4.Classification and characteristics of intestinal parasites particularly the helminths refer to the introduction to medical parasitology
     
    Image : Some Adult Worms, Larvae and Ova 
     
    Learning Outcomes
    By the end of this Unit student will be able to:
    1.  Identify the intestinal helminths parasites and their vectors where relevant;
    2. Understand the biology of the medically important intestinal parasites particularly the helminths and their vectors and their interactions with the humans;
    3. Identify the significant clinical and epidemiological consequences caused by the particular helminth  parasite and their vectors;
    4. Demonstrate practical skills for diagnosis and prevention and control and other pertinent concepts of the particular medically important helminth.
    • INTESTINAL HELMINTHS DETAILS Page
      1.Intestinal parasites (helmithes and Protozoa) are those parasites whose adults live in the lumen of duodenum, jejunum, small intestines, large intestines, rectum and caecum.
      2.These excludes those parasites whose other stages, not adult, like ova, larvae etc can be found in the intestines.
      3.Do not include those parasites, be it when their adults are known to live in the veins of the intestines and in other close organs of the intestines like liver, bile duct.
    • CDC A-Z Index for Systematic Parasitology and Bench Aids URL
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    UNIT 3: Blood and Tissue Helminths

    Introduction

    1.Blood and tissue parasites are those parasites whose adults live in the blood vessels and other tissues like lungs, liver, skin, ….
    2.These includes those parasites whose other stages, not adult, like larvae, ova and cysts can be found in the blood and other tissues as accidental parasites with dead route, e,g larva migrants.
    3.Do not include those parasites, whose adults are known to live in the intestines with a tissue stage in its life cycle.
     
    Image: Detection and Identification of Some of blood and Tissue Parasites
    Image: Detection and Identification of Some of Blood and Tissue Parasites
     
    Learning Outcomes
     
    By the end of this Unit student will be able to:
     
    1.  Identify the blood and tissue parasites and their vectors where relevant;
    2. Understand the biology of the medically important blood and tissue parasites and their vectors and their interactions with the humans;
    3. Identify the significant clinical and epidemiological consequences caused by the particular helminth  parasite and their vectors;

    4. Demonstrate practical skills for diagnosis and prevention and control and other pertinent concepts of the particular medically important blood and tissue helminth.

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